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The Battle of Andalal commenced in the autumn of 1741, and resulted in the decisive victory by the Avars over Nader Shah of Afsharid Persia. However, there is no mention of any pitched battle around Andalal in any of the primary or secondary material in the established historiography of the Naderian Wars.〔Kashmiri, Abdol-Karim, "Bayān-e Vāghe", Edited by K. B. Nasim Lahur, 1970〕〔Vatazes, Basile, Persica; Histoire de Chah-Nader, ed. N Iorga, Bucharest 1939〕〔Mohsen, Mohammad,"Zobdat-ol-Tavarikh", edited by Behruz Gudarzi, Tehran 1375〕〔"History of Nadir Shah's Wars" (Taarikhe Jahangoshaaye Naaderi), 1759, Mirza Mehdi Khan Esterabadi, (Court Historian)〕〔Mohammad Kazem Marvi Yazdi, Rare views of the world" 3 vols., Ed Amin Riahi, Tehran, Third Edition, 1374〕〔Hanway, Jonas, An Historical Account of the British Trade, 1: 251–3〕〔Floor, Wiilem(2009). The rise & fall of Nader Shah: Dutch East India Company Reports 1730-1747, Mage Publishers〕〔Axworthy, Michael(2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant, I. B. Tauris〕〔Malcom, "History of Persia"〕〔Ghafouri, Ali (2008). History of Iran's wars: from the Medes to now. Etela'at Publishing〕〔Lockhart, Laurence, "Nadir Shah: A Critical Study Based Mainly upon Contemporary Sources", London, 1938〕 ==The Battle== The battle took place in Andalal; the mountainous part of Avaria. The previous years and months during Nader's Dagestan campaign had been bloody years with firm resistance offered by the Lezgins, Tabasarans, Avars, and others, as well as the relentless counter-attacks by Nader Shah due to this, whose campaigning in Dagestan was a devastating one to everyone. However, by September 1741, all of Dagestan - except several Avar territories - had fallen under Persian hegemony.〔АВПР, ф. «Сношения России с Персией», 1741 г.〕 Nader decided to attack from two flanks; at Andalal and Avaria, through the Aimakin Gorge.〔Ramazan Gadzhimuradovich Abdulatipov. (''Russia and the Caucasus: On the Arduous Path to Unity'' ) Edwin Mellen Press, 2000 ISBN 978-0773431942 p 15〕 As commented by English historian L. Lockhart;〔''Lawrence Lockhart'', 1938. Р. 202.〕 The terrible danger looming over Avaria, rallied Avar society. An important Avar leader, , sent a message of support to all societies. Religious leader Ibrahim Haji Andalan Gidatlinsky twice before turned to the Shah of Persia, trying to persuade him not to conduct an unnecessary war with the Avar Muslims. Moreover, by Nadir Shah, according to legend, they were sent letters and legates from Andalal. Following the rejection by Nader, Qadi Pir Muhammad replied: "Now, between us can not be peace. As long as our mind is not going blur, we will fight and destroy the invading enemy. Avars threw rocks from above the mountain on the troops who were passing by. In September 1741 there was a battle in Aymakinskom gorge. Here the Persian army led by Lutf Ali Khan and Haydar-Bek was utterly defeated. Most of the 20-thousand army was wiped out. From the 4,000 large detachment Haidar Bek led only 500 people survived. And from the 6,000 large detachment survived only 600 people. The winners got a lot of trophies: 19 guns, lots of ammo and all the baggage. The Battle at Andalal turned out in a decisive defeat. Following the sound defeat,〔Ramazan Gadzhimuradovich Abdulatipov. (''Russia and the Caucasus: On the Arduous Path to Unity'' ) Edwin Mellen Press, 2000 ISBN 978-0773431942 p 15〕 the Persian army retreated through Kumukh, Khorsekh, Tchyrag, Richa, Kurakh, and eventually to the Iranian town of Derbent. Nader himself was forced to flee for the mountains following the defeat that followed after four days and four nights.〔Ramazan Gadzhimuradovich Abdulatipov. (''Russia and the Caucasus: On the Arduous Path to Unity'' ) Edwin Mellen Press, 2000 ISBN 978-0773431942 p 15〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Andalal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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